Barrier methods of contraception offer different levels of protection. Some protect only against unwanted pregnancy; others protect only against sexually transmitted infections (STIs); and some protect against both STIs and pregnancy.
Protection against unwanted pregnancy, but not STIs
- Spermicides – Foams, jellies, suppositories, creams, films or sponge
- Designed to kill sperm
- Mostly used in conjunction with another barrier method (i.e. condom or diaphragm)
- Not very effective when used alone
- Diaphragm – soft shallow cup made of thin latex. Designed to fit snuggly behind the pubic bone in front of the cervix and over the back of the cervix on the other side.
- Must be fitted by a trained practitioner
- Must be used with a spermicide applied to the inside prior to insertion
- Spermicide must be applied before each act of intercourse
- Must be left in place for 6-8 hours after intercourse in order for the chemical to kill any sperm remaining in the vagina
- Cervical cap – latex cup that fits over the entire cervix
- Similar to the diaphragm, but smaller
Protection against STIs
Protection against STIs and pregnancy
- Female condom – A single-use, soft, loose-fitting polyurethane sheath meant for internal use for women.
- Male condom - The only method for men. The most common barrier method because of cost, access, and effectivenes.
